Beranda UNEK-UNEK Artikel Mengenal HIV AIDS Dan Cara Mencegahnya

Mengenal HIV AIDS Dan Cara Mencegahnya

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Mengenal HIV AIDS Dan Cara Mencegahnya
Sumber : www.bing.com

Moderatpers.com – HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh dan selanjutnya melemahkan kemampuan tubuh melawan infeksi dan penyakit.

Sedangkan AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) adalah kondisi dimana HIV sudah ada pada tahap infeksi akhir. Ketika seseorang sudah mengalami AIDS, maka tubuh tidak lagi memiliki kemampuan untuk melawan infeksi yang ditimbulkan. Jadi HIV adalah virusnya,  sedangkan AIDS adalah kondisi yang disebabkan oleh HIV.

Di Indonesia, penyebaran dan penularan HIV paling banyak disebabkan melalui hubungan intim yang tidak aman. Selain itu, penyebab lainnya adalah bergantian menggunakan jarum suntik yang tidak steril saat memakai narkoba.

HIV dan AIDS memiliki beberapa tahapan gejala. Tahapan pertama yaitu pengidap akan mengalami nyeri mirip seperti flu beberapa minggu setelah terifeksi selama satu hingga dua bulan. Kemudian, timbulnya demam, nyeri tenggorokan, ruam, pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening, diare, kelelahan, nyeri otot dan sendi.

Pada tahapan kedua, umumnya tidak menimbulkan gejala lebih lanjut selama bertahun-tahun. Virus akan terus menyebar dan merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh. Penularan infeksi sudah bisa dilakukan pengidap kepada orang lain yang berlangsung hingga 10 tahun atau lebih.

Dan tahapan ketiga adalah dimana daya tahan pengidap semakin rentan, sehingga mudah sakit dan akan berlanjut menjadi AIDS. Kemudian demam terus-menerus lebih dari sepuluh hari, merasakan lelah setiap saat, sulit bernafas, dan diare yang berat dalam jangka waktu yang lama.

Tak hanya itu, pengidap akan mengalami infeksi jamur pada tenggorokan, mulut dan vagina. Yang paling parah yaitu ada bintik ungu pada kulit yang tidak akan hilang, menurunnya nafsu makan hingga berat badan turun drastis.

Baca Juga : Dampak Sektor Pertanian Di masa PPKM

 

Cara Mencegah HIV AIDS

Meskipun sampai saat ini belum adanya obat untuk menyembuhkan HIV, akan tetapi ada jenis obat yang dapat memperlambat perkembangan virus. Jenis obat ini disebut Antiretrovel (ARV). ARV ini bekerja dengan menghilangkan unsur yang dibutuhkan virus HIV untuk menggandakan diri dan mencegah virus HIV menghancurkan sel CD4. Agar perkembangan virus dapat dikendalikan, pengidap harus segera mengonsumsi ARV begitu didiagnosis mengidap HIV.

Risiko pengidap HIV untuk terserang AIDS akan semakin besar jika pengobatan ditunda, karena virus akan semakin merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh. Selain itu, penting bagi pengidap untuk mengonsumsi ARV sesuai petujuk dokter. Konsumsi obat yang terlewat akan membuat virus HIV berkembang lebih cepat dan memperburuk kondisi pengidap.

Baca Juga : Berantas Covid 19 Dengan Senjata Biologis (Vaksin)

 

Peringatan Hari AIDS Sedunia dan Sejarahnya

Sumber Gambar : Tirto.id

Hari ini, 1 Desember merupakan peringatan hari AIDS sedunia. Bukan tanpa sebab, peringatan ini memiliki tujuan agar menumbuhkan kesadaran terhadap wabah AIDS di seluruh dunia yang disebabkan oleh penyebaran virus HIV.

Dikutip dari berbagai sumber, peringatan Hari AIDS Sedunia pertama kali diperingati pada tanggal 1 Desember 1988, dan ditetapkan oleh Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO). Adapun tema Hari AIDS Sedunia 2021 adalah, “End inequalities. End AIDS” (Akhiri Ketimpangan. Akhiri AIDS).

Tema ini bertujuan untuk menjangkau orang-orang yang masih kurang kesadaran diri terhadap bahayanya penyakit ini. WHO menyerukan kepada para pemimpin dan orang di seluruh dunia untuk bersatu dalam menghadapi ketidaksetaraan layanan penanganan HIV/AIDS.

 

 

Penulis : Aulia Masruroh

Editor : Rokhimatul Inayah

 

 

 

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