
Moderatpers.com – Setiap tanggal 10 November, rakyat Indonesia selalu merayakan hari pahlawan. Hari Pahlawan ditetapkan untuk memperingati perjuangan para pahlawan yang gugur dalam pertempuran melawan penjajah (tentara Inggris) pada 10 November 1945 yang terjadi di Surabaya. Hari Pahlawan ditetapkan oleh Presiden Sukarno lewat Keputusan Presiden (Keppres) No. 316 Tahun 1959.
Diketahui, pertempuran ini menjadi pertempuran pertama pihak Indonesia melawan tentara asing, setelah Proklamasi Kemerdekaan RI pada 17 Agustus 1945. Pada pertengahan September, tentara Inggris mendarat di Jakarta dan menuju Surabaya pada 25 September 1945.
Tentara Inggris ini tergabung dalam AFNEI (Allied Forces Netherlands East Indies) yang datang bersama dengan tentara NICA (Netherlands Indies Civil Administration) atau pihak Belanda. Tujuan mereka adalah melucuti tentara Jepang dan memulangkannya ke negaranya, membebaskan tawanan perang yang ditahan oleh Jepang, sekaligus mengembalikan Indonesia kepada pemerintahan Belanda sebagai negara jajahan.
Hal ini tentu memicu kemarahan warga Surabaya, mereka menganggap Belanda menghina kemerdekaan Indonesia dan melecehkan bendera Merah Putih. Rakyat Surabaya pun protes di depan Hotel Yamato dan meminta bendera Belanda diturunkan, lalu mengibarkan bendera Indonesia kembali.
Baca Juga : Sejarah Hari Kebebasan Sedunia Dan Hubungannya Dengan Indonesia
Dilansir dari situs resmi Kemensos.go.id, puncak dari peperangan ini adalah tewasnya Brigadir J Mallaby,.Pimpinan Tentara Inggris di wilayah Jawa Timur kala itu. Sebelum puncak pertempuran terjadi,. tepatnya tanggal 29 Oktober 1945, tentara Inggris dan pihak Indonesia menandatangani penghentian perang sementara atau yang dikenal dengan gencatan senjata.
Meskipun situasi dalam masa gencatan senjata,. tetapi bentrokan antara tentara Inggris dan rakyat Surabaya terus berlangsung. Puncaknya, saat Brigadir J Mallaby tewas terbunuh sehingga memancing amarah tentara Inggris. Inggris pun menerbitkan ultimatum besar yang isinya meminta rakyat Indonesia untuk menyerahkan seluruh senjata dan berhenti melakukan perlawanan terhadap tentara Inggris.
Rakyat Indonesia diberikan tenggat waktu sampai pukul 6 pagi, 10 November 1945. Jika ultimatum tersebut tidak diindahkan,. maka pihak Inggris akan menyerbu kota Surabaya dari berbagai arah baik darat, laut, maupun udara. Namun, tentara Indonesia dan rakyat Surabaya tidak mau mengindahkan perintah tersebut,. sehingga terjadilah pertempuran berdarah di Surabaya yang berlangsung selama 3 minggu.
Tokoh perjuangan yang menggerakkan rakyat Surabaya dan berbagai kota sekitar seperti ; Malang, Jombang, Mojokerto, Gresik dan Lamongan antara lain ialah Bung Tomo, K.H. Hasyim Asyari, dan K.H. Wahab Hasbullah.
Perlawanan para pahlawan dalam mengusir bangsa asing yang ingin melakukan kolonialisme di Indonesia tersebut tidak semudah yang dibayangkan,. mereka mendapatkan serangan yang sengit dari tentara Belanda dan Sekutu yang lengkap dengan senjata modern kala itu.
Dikutip dari berbagai sumber, ada 20 ribu rakyat Indonesia menjadi korban dan 150 ribu orang terpaksa meninggalkan kota tersebut. Dari pihak Inggris ada 1.600 prajurit tewas, hilang, dan luka-luka. Puluhan alat perang pun rusak dan banyak pula yang hancur lebur.
Penulis : Lilik Faizah
Editor : Rokhimatul Inayah
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