Moderat.com- Pada saat pemerintah menetapkan PPKM (Pembatasan Pemberlakuan Kegiatan Masyarakat) darurat dengan tujuan menekan lonjakan kasus pandemi covid-19, dampaknya juga terasa di sektor pertanian. Para ahli menganalisa, bahwa PPKM darurat ini membawa dampak negatif dan positif terhadap sektor pertanian.
PPKM darurat pada satu sisi akan berdampak negatif pada kelompok pertanian yang orientasinya untuk pasar di wilayah zona merah, karena pembatasan mobilitas yang sangat ketat. Dari hal ini, dapat menyebabkan penurunan permintaan hasil pertanian untuk daerah lokal. Permasalahan ini mendapat respon dari serikat petani Indonesia, mereka meminta pemerintah untuk memastikan distribusi pangan tidak terganggu dengan adanya PPKM darurat.
Salah satu protes tersebut ialah dengan memaksimalkan peran koperasi pertanian dan bulog. Mereka juga mengingatkan pembatasan mobilitas yang dilakukan pada awal pandemi yang menyebabkan distribusi panen tidak optimal dan harga jual tidak tetap atau berubah-ubah, harga jual merosot, bahkan ada yang tidak laku karena adanya penurunan permintaan. Dalam hukum ekonomi dikatakan bahwa, apabila permintaan kurang, persediaan banyak, maka harga turun. Dan apabila permintaan banyak, persediaan sedikit, maka harga pun naik.
Selain itu, di sisi lain terdapat dampak positif. Sektor pertanian di sisi lain bisa menjadi peluang ketika sektor formal dan manufaktur sangat tertekan akibat adanya pemberlakuan PPKM darurat hingga menyebabkan penurunan kegiatan yang berakibat pada pengurangan tenaga kerja. Hal ini telah dibuktikan dalam satu tahun terakhir, bahwa tenaga kerja di sektor pertanian meningkat. Fenomena ini merupakan peluang bagi pengangguran di sektor formal untuk sementara hingga sektor formal tersebut pulih kembali. Selain itu, sektor pertanian juga masih diunggulkan dalam perdagangan internasional.
Apabila sektor pertanian orientasinya ekspor, maka ini tidak akan terganggu dengan adanya PPKM darurat. Situasi ini bahkan menjadi angin segar bagi masyarakat tani Indonesia. Mengingat, saat ini sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor yang menjadi andalan serta mampu bertransformasi hingga menjadi sektor penyangga nasional pada saat krisis akibat pandemi. Sektor pertanian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan kontribusi tanpa henti demi mewujudkan pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari.
Pada hari ini, Indonesia juga sedang memperingati hari tani nasional. Penetapan hari tani nasional ini, dimulai pada masa pemerintahan presiden pertama Republik Indonesia, Ir. Soekarno. Presiden Soekarno pertama kali menetapkan Hari Tani Nasional dengan menerbitkan Keppres No. 169/1963. Keppres ini ditetapkan untuk mengenang terbitnya UU No 5/1960 Tentang Pokok-Pokok Agraria (UPPA) yang mengamanatkan pelaksanaan reforma agrarian.
Penulis : Halimatus Sholihah
Editor : Rokhimatul Inayah
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